An Assessment of Medication Adherence Education Among Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Kaduna State
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Background of the Study
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a major public health issue, particularly among the elderly population. It is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney failure, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates globally (WHO, 2024). Proper management of hypertension requires strict adherence to prescribed medications, yet non-adherence remains a major challenge among elderly patients (Adeyemi & Yusuf, 2023).
Medication adherence education programs have been introduced to help elderly patients understand the importance of consistent medication use, potential side effects, and the consequences of missed doses. Despite these efforts, medication non-adherence is still prevalent in Kaduna State, leading to uncontrolled blood pressure and increased hospital admissions (Okafor & Musa, 2024).
This study aims to assess the impact of medication adherence education on elderly hypertensive patients in Kaduna State. By evaluating awareness levels, challenges, and behavioral changes resulting from educational interventions, the study seeks to provide recommendations for improving adherence to hypertension treatment.
Statement of the Problem
Medication non-adherence among elderly hypertensive patients in Kaduna State remains a significant barrier to effective disease management. Many elderly individuals fail to take their prescribed medication due to forgetfulness, lack of understanding, financial constraints, or side effects (Okafor & Musa, 2024). Additionally, some rely on alternative medicine or discontinue medication once they feel better, increasing their risk of complications.
Despite the implementation of medication adherence education programs, many elderly patients still struggle with compliance. There is limited research on how effective these educational programs have been in influencing adherence behavior in Kaduna State. This study seeks to assess the awareness, attitudes, and challenges faced by elderly hypertensive patients regarding medication adherence.
Objectives of the Study
1. To evaluate the effectiveness of medication adherence education among elderly hypertensive patients in Kaduna State.
2. To identify factors influencing medication non-adherence among the elderly.
3. To assess the impact of educational programs on elderly patients’ knowledge and attitudes toward medication adherence.
Research Questions
1. How effective are medication adherence education programs for elderly hypertensive patients in Kaduna State?
2. What are the major factors contributing to medication non-adherence among elderly hypertensive patients?
3. How do educational interventions influence elderly patients' knowledge and attitudes toward medication adherence?
Research Hypotheses
1. Medication adherence education significantly improves compliance among elderly hypertensive patients.
2. Financial constraints and side effects contribute to medication non-adherence among the elderly.
3. Elderly patients who receive medication adherence education are more likely to follow their prescribed treatment.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on elderly hypertensive patients in Kaduna State who have participated in medication adherence education programs. Limitations may include reliance on self-reported data, which may be subject to recall bias, and variations in patients’ access to healthcare facilities.
Definitions of Terms
• Hypertension: A chronic medical condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure.
• Medication Adherence: The extent to which patients take medications as prescribed by their healthcare providers.
• Non-Adherence: Failure to take medications as prescribed, either by missing doses, stopping treatment prematurely, or taking incorrect dosages.
• Educational Programs: Initiatives designed to inform patients about the importance of adhering to their prescribed treatments.
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